To my knowledge, the only keys to the nymphal stages of the European species of Pentatomoidea (shield bugs) appear in Shchytnyky by V. G. Puchkov (1961), volume 21 of Fauna of Ukraine. Although the species included were only intended to encompass the fauna of Ukraine, these keys can still be useful for the rest of Europe. With this translation, I hope to make these keys available to a wider European audience.

Lars Willighagen 0000-0002-4751-4637

References

Puchkov, V. G. (1961). Shchytnyky. In Fauna of Ukraine (Vol. 21, Issue 1). Naukova dumka. http://www.izan.kiev.ua/fau-ukr/vol21iss1.htm

Пучков, В. Г. (1961). Щитники. In Фауна України (Vol. 21, Issue 1). Наукова думка. http://www.izan.kiev.ua/fau-ukr/vol21iss1.htm

Table for determining the instars

1. Wing rudiments are not developed or outlined very weakly. 2
   

   Wing rudiments are well developed. 4
   

2. The head is usually almost vertical, wrinkled in front, the back of the head completely smooth. The rear edge of the mesonotum is smoothly curved, without protrusions (Fig. 18, I). Instar I
   

   

   The head is often slightly tilted, wrinkled or dotted. The rear edge of the mesonotum with a more or less clearly defined shield rudiment. 3
   

3. The shield rudiment is weakly defined, the rear edge of the mesonotum is smooth, not curved near the mediolateral lines. The mesonotum is wider in front of the mediolateral line than behind it, i.e. it becomes lightly narrower (Fig. 18, II). Smaller. Instar II
   

   The shield rudiment is clearly defined, the rear edge of the mesonotum is straightened near the midlateral lines (near the main corners of the shield). The mesonotum is usually narrower in front of the mid-lateral line than behind it, i.e. it becomes slightly wider (Fig. 18, III). Bigger. Instar III
   

4. The tops of the hemelytra do not reach the posterior edge of the first tergite of the abdomen (Fig. 18, IV). Instar IV
   

   The tops of the hemelytra usually reach tergites III-IV (Fig. 18, V). Instar V
   

Taxonomy

Pentatomoidea

Table for determining the families of Pentatomoidea

1. The distance between the ostioles of the abdominal gland on the first ESES is shorter than on the second (Fig. 23, 1). The proboscis is closer to the base than to the top of the head (Fig. 28, 2, b). Plataspidae
   

   

   

   The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is not shorter (or barely shorter) than on the second. The proboscis is closer to the top than to the base of the head (Fig. 5, 1). 2
   

   

2. The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is much larger than on the second, and if the first ESES is split, the abdomen is completely unpunctuated. 3
   

   The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is as long (Fig. 23, 7) or almost as long (Fig. 23, 6) as on the second, and if significantly longer, then the first ESES is split in two (Fig. 23, 5). 4
   

3. The first ESES is split in two and looks like two ovals with a slit-shaped hole of the abdominal gland (Fig. 23, 3). The abdomen is completely unpunctuated. The tylus extends to the top (Fig. 30, 1). Living on trees and shrubs. Acanthosomidae
   

   

   The first ESES is continuous, shaped like a femur (Fig. 23, 4), and even if its dark color washed away (IV–V), then the contour is clearly outlined by the punctuation. The abdomen has black punctuation. The tylus is not extended, often narrowed. Living on herbaceous plants. Scutelleridae
   

4. Tibiae without spines, sometimes with thin or very short spines (Vilpianus). The contour of parasegmental spots and ESESs in the older stages is often blurry, and if they are clearly defined, the proboscis is very thick (Asopinae) or the first ESES is sickle-shaped with ostioles placed close together (Eurydema). Abdomen often with black punctuation. Pentatomidae
   

   Tibiae covered with long, thick spines. Parasegmental spots and ESESs are usually clearly defined in all stages (Fig. 23, 2). Abdomen completely unpuctuated (except in Thyreocoris). Cydnidae
   

Plataspidae Dallas, 1851

Plataspinae Dallas, 1851

Coptosoma Lap., 1832

Coptosoma scutellatum (Geoffroy, 1785)

= Cimex scutellatus Geoffroy, 1785
= Coptosoma globus Fieber, 1861

Acanthosomidae

= Acanthosomida Stal, 1864
= Acanthosomidae Leston, 1953

Table for determining the genera of the family Acanthosomidae

1. Thorax densely and evenly covered with large, black punctuation. Parasegmental spots on the edges of the abdomen are large, solid or shaped like a semicircle (when the dark color in the middle is blurred), and the stripes at the edges of the segments (in side view) are continuous, the same width along their entire length (Fig. 29, 1). The edge of the juga is bordered by sharp, very low ridges. Acanthosoma
   

   

   Thorax unpunctated or with only a few irregularly scattered black dots. Parasegmental spots on the edges of the abdomen look like one longitudinal stripe, stroke or wedge, behind wider than in front (Fig. 29, 2) or three such lines (Fig. 29, 3) (side view). The outer edge of the juga is bordered by a rounded, rather high ridge. 2
   

2. On the outer edges of each segment of the abdomen there is only one black line (Fig. 29, 2). 3
   

   On the edges of each segment of the abdomen there are three converging continuous black lines, the same width along the entire length (Fig. 29, 3). Cyphostethus
   

3. There is no transverse dark spot at the base of tergite VII. Bigger. Elasmostethus
   

   At the base of tergite VII there is a sharply delineated transverse black or dark brown spot. Smaller. Elasmucha
   

Acanthosoma Curt., 1824

Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex haemorrhoidalis Linné, 1758

Elasmostethus Fieb., 1860

Elasmostethus interstinctus (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex interstinctus Linné, 1758
= Elasmostethus dentatus Fieber, 1861

Elasmucha Stal, 1864

Table for determining the species of the genus Elasmucha

1. The body is broadly oval, without longitudinal dark stripes on the head and thorax and without a light stripe on the abdomen. Antennae are thinner and longer; the hairs on them are elevated, of almost the same thickness, and their length is not greater than the thickness of the segments of the antennae (IV–V). E. ferrugata
   

   The body is elongated oval, with longitudinal dark stripes on the head and thorax, especially sharply visible on the pronotal disc, with a light stripe along the middle of the abdomen. Antennae are thicker and shorter, with protruding hairs of different lengths; the length of many hairs is greater than the thickness of antennal segments (III–V). E. betulae
   

Elasmucha ferrugata (Fabricius, 1787)

Bilberry shieldbug

= Cimex ferrugatus Fabricius, 1787

Elasmucha betulae (De Geer, 1773)

Parent bug

= Cimex betulae De Geer, 1773
= Elasmostethus griseus Fieber, 1861
= Elasmucha interstinctus Reuter, 1888

Cyphostethus Fieb., 1860

Cyphostethus tristriatus (Fabricius, 1787)

= Cimex tristriatus Fabricius, 1787

Cydnidae Billberg, 1820

Burrowing bugs

= Thyreocoridae Reuter, 1910

Table for determining the subfamilies of the family Cydnidae

1. All abdominal spiracles are somewhat distant from the dark parasternite spots located along the edge of the abdomen (Fig. 33, 1). At least on the edge of the head and thorax, bristles stick out. Cydninae
   

   

   All abdominal spiracles are placed directly on the parasternite spots (Fig. 33, 2). The body is completely bare. 2
   

2. There are no transverse stripes on the first two tergites. The distance between the ostioles on the second and third ESESs is two to three times smaller than the width of the ESESs, and the ostioles are point-like, almost imperceptible (Fig. 32, 2). The first ESES is noticeably longer and wider than the first. Sehirinae
   

   

   On I and II tergites there is a wide, dark, interrupted stripe in the middle. The distance between the ostioles on the second and third ESESs is only slightly smaller than the width of the ESESs, and the ostioles on them are clearly visible (Fig. 32, 3). The first ESES is much shorter and not wider than the second. Corimelaeninae
   

Corimelaeninae Uhler, 1872

= Thyreocorinae Van Duzee, 1907

Thyreocoris Schrank

Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex scarabaeoides Linné, 1758

Cydninae Dallas, 1851

Table for determining the genera of the subfamily Cydninae

1. The front tibias are saber-shaped; the tarsi are attached approximately in the middle of the tibia (Fig. 34, 1). Stibaropus
   

   

   The front tibias are of a different shape, and the tarsi are always attached near the top of the tibia. 2
   

2. The outer edges of the head are covered with spines and bristles (Fig. 38, 2, a, b). Dark transverse stripes on tergites I and II are usually wider than the first ESES. The abdomen is pale, grayish or yellowish, rarely (stages I–II) with a pinkish tint. 3
   

   

   The outer edges of the head are covered only with bristles. 4
   

3. The body is covered with protruding hairs. Byrsinus
   

   The upper surface of the body is hairless, with setae located only on its edges. Aethus
   

4. The bristles on the edges of the head and thorax are thin and long, the same as the length of the third segment of the antennae. The stripes on tergites I and II are wider than the ESESs. The abdomen is grayish. Geotomus
   

   The bristles on the edges of the head and thorax are thick, noticeably shorter than the length of the third segment of the antennae. Dark stripes are absent or very narrow on tergites I and II. The abdomen is usually red. Cydnus
   

Stibaropus Dall., 1851

Stibaropus henkei (Jakovlev, 1874)

= Pachycnemis henkei Jakovlev, 1874

Byrsinus Fieb., 1860

Byrsinus fossor (Mulsant & Rey, 1865)

= Cydnus fossor Mulsant & Rey, 1865

Aethus Dallas, 1851

= Cydnus Fabricius, 1775
= Microporus Uhler, 1875

Table for determining the species of the genus Aethus

1. Tylus on the top with two short spines. The hairs on the edges of the head and thorax are shorter and less frequently placed, no longer than the third segment of the antennae; on the edges of the abdomen they are not there at all. A. nigritus
   

   Tylus on top with two long bristles. The hairs on the edges of the head, thorax and abdomen are longer and denser, they are on average twice as long as the third segment of the antennae. A. flavicornis
   

Aethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1794)

= Cimex nigrita Fabricius, 1794

Aethus flavicornis (Fabricius, 1794)

= Cimex flavicornis Fabricius, 1794

Geotomus Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Geotomus punctulatus (Costa, 1847)

= Cydnus punctulatus Costa, 1847

Cydnus F., 1803

Cydnus aterrimus (Förster, 1771)

= Cimex aterrimus Förster, 1771
= Brachypelta aterrima Fieber, 1861
= Cydnus aterrima Stal, 1864

Sehirinae Stal, 1872

Table for determining the genera of the subfamily Sehirinae

1. It is found on or near Galium plants. The body is strongly convex, the head and thorax are the same color, black or brown. Abdomen above without red transverse stripes, and if with pinkish stripes (younger stages), then they are very thin and go along the intertergite borders, and not across the tergites. Legnotus
   

   Not related to Galium plants. The body is somewhat flattened or the head and thorax are two-colored. 2
   

2. Abdomen gray with transverse reddish stripes (II–V) or all dark gray without stripes (V). The thorax is single-colored from above, black or dark brown; the body is somewhat flattened. 3
   

   Abdomen of a different color, always without transverse red stripes (II–V). Thoraces are often two-colored (IV–V). The body is convex. Canthophorus
   

3. Transverse red stripes bifurcate on the sides of the abdomen (II–V) or disappear altogether. Paratergite spots are much smaller than half of the third ESES (III–V). Bigger. Sehirus
   

   Transverse red stripes connect oppositely placed paratergite spots, do not bifurcate on the sides of the abdomen and are always clearly defined. Paratergite spots are larger, almost equal to half of the third ESES (III–V). Smaller. Ochetostethus
   

Legnotus Schiödte, 1849

= Gnathoconus Fieber, 1861

Table for determining the species of the genus Legnotus

1. The head and thorax are pale brown (I–III) or brown (III–V), rarely almost black (V). The body is completely naked from above. L. limbosus
   

   The head and thorax are brown (I–II) or black (III–V). The thorax is covered from above with very short (side view and in the light) protruding hairs. L. picipes
   

Legnotus limbosus (Geoffroy, 1785)

Bordered shieldbug

= Cimex limbosus Geoffroy, 1785
= Cimex albomarginatus Goeze, 1778

Legnotus picipes (Fallen, 1807)

Heath shieldbug

= Cydnus picipes Fallen, 1807

Sehirus Amyot & Serville, 1843

Sehirus luctuosus Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Sehirus morio (Linné, 1761)

= Cimex morio Linné, 1761

Canthophorus Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Table for determining the species of the genus Canthophorus

1. The abdomen is yellowish, greenish or whitish (II–V); the thorax is two-colored from above (IV–V). 2
   

   The abdomen is red or ocher (II–V), the thorax is two-colored (I–V). 3
   

2. Abdomen yellowish (I–V); the lateral edges of the pronotum are white (IV–V); the width of the first ESES is much smaller than the distance from its lateral edge to the edge of the abdomen. (III–V). C. bicolor
   

   The abdomen is greenish (II–V); lateral edges of pronotum black (II–V); the width of the first ESES is not greater or slightly greater than the distance from its lateral edge to the edge of the abdomen (III–V). C. sexmaculatus
   

3. The head and thorax are bluish, the abdomen is red. C. dubius
   

   The head and thorax are black, the abdomen is ocher. C. biguttatus
   

Canthophorus bicolor (Linné, 1758)

Pied shield bug

= Cimex bicolor Linné, 1758

Canthophorus sexmaculatus (Rambur, 1842)

Rambur's pied shieldbug

= Cydnus sexmaculatus Rambur, 1842

Canthophorus dubius (Scopoli, 1763)

= Cimex dubius Scopoli, 1763

Canthophorus biguttatus (Linné, 1758)

Cow-wheat shieldbug

= Cimex biguttatus Linné, 1758

Ochetostethus Fieb., 1861

Ochetostethus nanus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1834)

= Cydnus nanus Herrich-Schäffer, 1834
= Ochetostethus pygmaeus Fieber, 1861

Scutelleridae Leach, 1815

Jewel bugs

= Scutelleridae Reuter, 1912

Table for determining the genera of the family Scutelleridae

1. Abdominal spiracles (except spiracles of segment II) are placed directly on parasternite dark spots. The body is covered with more or less long hairs (Odontoscelini). 2
   

   All abdominal spiracles are located near the parasternite spots. The body is bare or covered with very short hairs. 3
   

2. The hairs on the body are several times longer than the diameter of the eye. The head is obtusely rounded in front of the eyes without sharp-angled protrusions. Irochrotus
   

   The hairs on the body are no longer or slightly longer than the diameter of the eye. The head in front of the eyes with sharply defined protrusions, transversely oval from the front (Fig. 53, 4). Odontoscelis
   

   

3. Body with very short or tangled appressed hairs, well visible when viewed from the side and in the light (Odontotarsini). 4
   

   The body is completely bare (Eurygastrini). 5
   

4. The head is almost rectangular from the front (Fig. 56, 2), the eyes are round, sticking out (III–V). The body is covered with appressed tangled hairs (II–V). Phimodera
   

   

   The head is rectangularly rounded from the front, the eyes are sessile (I–V). The body is covered with very short protruding hairs (II–V). Odontotarsus
   

5. On Boraginaceae plants. The body is oval (I), ovoid (II–III) or short oval (IV–V). The flattened lateral edges of the pronotum are off-white (I–III). Body with whitish or off-white spots and tubercles (IV–V). Psacasta
   

   On Poaceae. The body is almost round (I), short oval (II–III) or oval (IV–V). The flattened lateral edges of the pronotum are dark, as is the pronotal disc (II–III), the body is not evenly white in spots and without tubercles (IV–V). Eurygaster
   

Odontoscelini Stal, 1872

Odontoscelis Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Table for determining the species of the genus Odontoscelis

1. The body is elongated oval, in addition to bristly hairs, it is covered with thick black spines that form spots and are placed in several longitudinal rows (II–V). O. hispidula
   

   The body is oval, without black spines. 2
   

2. Larger; pubescence shorter (II–V). O. fuliginosa
   

   Smaller, hairs on the body are longer and more densely placed (II–V). O. dorsalis
   

Odontoscelis fuliginosa (Linné, 1761)

Greater-streaked shieldbug

= Cimex fuliginosus Linné, 1761

Odontoscelis dorsalis (Fabricius, 1803)

Lesser-streaked shieldbug

= Tetyra dorsalis Fabricius, 1803
= Odontoscelis plagiatus Fieber, 1861

Odontoscelis hispidula Jakovlev, 1874

Irochrotus Amyot & Serville, 1843

Irochrotus lanatus (Pallas, 1773)

= Cimex lanatus Pallas, 1773

Odontotarsini Stal, 1872

Phimodera Germar, 1839

Table for determining the species of the genus Phimodera

1. Trochanters (at least the hind ones) with a clear condyle in the form of a tubercle (III–V). P. nodicollis
   

   Trochanters without any sign of tubercle (I–V). P. distincta
   

Phimodera nodicollis (Burmeister, 1835)

= Podops nodicollis Burmeister, 1835

Phimodera distincta (Jakovlev, 1880)

Odontotarsus Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Table for determining the species of the genus Odontotarsus

1. Outer edge of the abdomen is almost flat, the body is brown, usually with three longitudinal light stripes, without a complex pattern on top in older stages. Posterior part of pronotum with only a weak transverse dent (side view). O. purpureolineatus
   

   Outer edge of the abdomen with deep notches at the joints of the segments, noticeably ridged. The body is brown, often even reddish (I–III, sometimes IV), with one light stripe or without it (I–IV), and in older stages with a complex pattern of whitish spots and stripes. Posterior part of the pronotum with a deep transverse dent. O. robustus
   

Odontotarsus purpureolineatus (Rossi, 1790)

Large purple streaked shieldbug

= Cimex purpureolineatus Rossi, 1790

Odontotarsus robustus Jakovlev, 1883

Eurygastrini Stal, 1872

Psacasta Germar, 1839

Table for determining the species of the genus Psacasta

1. Abdomen is grayish-ochre (I–II) or gray (I–V); ESESs in older stages are usually blurred. The width of the dark spot on sternite V of the abdomen is smaller than the distance from its lateral edge to the edge of the abdomen. The members of the antennae are almost the same color. Larger. P. exanthematica
   

   Abdomen reddish (I–II), reddish gray (III) or whitish (IV–V); the second and third ESESs in older stages are usually sharply delineated, brownish-black with white tubercles near the outlet openings. The width of the dark spot on sternite V is almost as long as the distance from its lateral edge to the edge of the abdomen. The second and third segments of the antennae are light, and the first and fourth are dark. Smaller. P. neglecta
   

Psacasta exanthematica (Scopoli, 1763)

= Cimex exanthematica Scopoli, 1763

Cryptodontus

Psacasta neglecta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1837)

= Tetyra neglecta Herrich-Schäffer, 1837

Eurygaster Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Table for determining the species of the genus Eurygaster

1. The tylus is shorter than the jugae, its top much lower than their surface; the jugae almost (IV) or completely (V) cover the top of the tylus (Fig. 62, b). E. austriacus
   

   

   The tylus is not shorter than the jugae, and if it is a little shorter, it lies almost in the same plane with them, completely open in front (Fig. 62, a). 2
   

2. In the main corners of the shield rudiment, a smooth callous spot is located. 3
   

   The main corners of the shield rudiment without smooth callous spots. E. dilaticollis
   

3. The lateral edges of the pronotum are barely perceptibly (I) or perceptibly (IV–V) curved; the ridge bordering the edges of the jugae is thin and almost twice as low as in the following species. E. integriceps
   

   The lateral edges of the pronotum in larvae of all stages are straight, in older ones they are sometimes slightly concave. The ridge bordering the jugae is higher and thicker than that of E. integriceps. E. maurus & E. testudinarius
   

Eurygaster austriacus (Schranck, 1778)

Southern broad-bellied bug

= Cimex austriacus Schranck, 1778

Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881

Eurygaster dilaticollis Dohrn, 1860

Eurygaster maurus (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex maurus Linné, 1758
= Eurygaster maurus f. meridionalis Péneau, 1911

Eurygaster testudinarius (Geoffroy, 1785)

= Eurygaster maura f. borealis Péneau, 1911

Pentatomidae Leach, 1815

Table for determining the subfamilies of the family Pentatomidae

1. The proboscis is not thick, often thin; the labrum is attached to the top of the head, and the base of the proboscis is slightly shifted backwards (Fig. 21, 4). 2
   

   

   The proboscis is very thick; the bases of the proboscis and labrum are conjoined and attached to the top of the head (Fig. 21, 6). Asopinae
   

2. The ostioles of all abdominal glands are split in two, the distance between the openings of the second pair does not exceed ¼–⅕ (younger stages) or ⅐–⅒ (older stages) of the greatest width of the abdomen (only in Podops it approaches ⅕). The head is usually strongly inclined, and the abdomen is without black punctuation, all parts of the body are almost equally light (II–V) or (Graphosomini), the distance between the ostioles of the first pair is greater than between the holes of the second pair. Podopinae
   

   The ostioles of the abdominal glands are more widely spaced, and the interval between the openings of the second pair usually does not exceed ⅓ (younger stages) or ⅓–¼ (older stages) of the width of the abdomen. The head is more often almost horizontal or slightly tilted, and if it is tilted strongly, then abdomen with deep black punctuation. The head and thorax in I–III, and often in IV–V (at least partially) stages are darker than the abdomen, and the distance between the ostioles of the first pair is not greater (with the exception of Bagrada) than between the holes of the second pair. Pentatominae
   

Podopinae Dallas, 1851

Turtle bugs

= Graphosominae Puton, 1879
= Podopides Amyot & Serville, 1843
= Graphosomatini Jakovlev, 1884

Table for determining the genera of the subfamily Podopinae

1. The distance between the ostioles of the first abdominal gland is much wider than on the second ESES. The first ESES is split in two, in the form of two ovals (Fig. 23, 5) (Ancyrosomini). 2
   

   The distance between the ostioles of the first abdominal gland is not wider or slightly wider (Graphosomini) than on the second ESES. The first ESES is continuous. 4
   

2. The body is covered with hairs. Abdomen above with two broad velvety brown stripes. Tholagmus
   

   The body is completely bare. Abdomen without longitudinal brown stripes. 3
   

3. The back and front corners of the abdominal segments are elongated in the form of sharp spines (Fig. 35, 3) (II–V). Ancyrosoma
   

   

   The outer edge of the abdominal rim is notched, but the corners of the segments are not spiked (Fig. 76, 2) (II–V). Sternodontus
   

   

4. The body is green, spherical. The ostioles of the first gland are without dark dots and are more narrowly spaced than those of the other glands; one black dot is placed near the ostioles of the second and third ESESs. Abdomen without dark punctuation. On halophytes. Tarisa
   

   The body is of a different color, non-spherical (except for Vilpianus), if the abdomen is greenish or bluish-green, then there are paired black dots near the ostioles of the second and third ESESs. Not found on halophytes (except Trigonosoma halophilum Jak.). 5
   

5. There is a large black dot near the ostioles of all scent glands (only in Trigonosoma trigonum Kryn. the openings of the first site with brown, sometimes unclear spots). The distance between the dots near the openings of the first ESES is not narrower than between the dots of the second, or the ESESs are much darker than the abdomen. 6
   

   Ostioles of the first abdominal gland without black dots, the distance between the openings is smaller than between the black dots located near the second and third glands. The head, thorax, abdomen and ESESs on it are light (Podopini). Podops
   

6. ESESs are the same color as the abdomen, and black dots near the ostioles of the abdominal glands stand out sharply against a light background. The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is not greater than on the second. The body is often almost monochromatic, light or dark gray (Trigonosomini). 7
   

   ESESs (Fig. 23, 6) are much darker than the main color of the abdomen or (at least in older stages) with a dark border; black dots near the ostioles are not easily visible. The distance between the ostioles of the first abdominal gland is greater than on the second ESES. The head and thorax are usually darker than the abdomen (Graphosomini). 10
   

7. The body is almost spherical, with six tubercles on the mesonotum, dark gray (II–V). Legs with with thick whitish spines (II–V), and trochanters with tubercles (IV–V). Vilpianus
   

   The body is non-spherical, without tubercles on the mesonotum, the abdomen is lighter (II–V). Femurs and tibiae without spines, and trochanters without tubercles (II–V). 8
   

8. Smaller. The abdominal rim is bordered by a rounded whitish ridge (III–V). The head and thorax are dark brown (I–III) or with remnants of dark color in the form of blurred stripes (IV–V); dark spots near the ostioles of the second and third glands are split in two. Crypsinus
   

   Larger. Abdominal rim without a rounded ridge along the edge. The whole body is almost (II–III) or completely (IV–V) monochromatic, or the dark spots near the ostioles of the second and third glands are continuous. 9
   

9. The body is very convex. The outer edge and bottom of the abdomen with light bristles or there are paired dots near the ostioles of the posterior glands. Trigonosoma
   

   The body is less convex, completely bare; there is one black dot near the ostioles of all glands. Leprosoma
   

10. The head is dark, almost black (I–V), and if it is brown (V), then in the main corners of the shield, a white bump stands out sharply, and there are no longitudinal dark stripes on the thorax (IV–V). Derula
    

    Head yellowish with a broad black stripe extending along its middle from apex to base (I–V); in older stages, this stripe in the main half is often split by a longitudinal light stroke; less often, the head is almost completely light (II–V). There are no white tubercles in the main corners of the scutellum (I–V), and the thorax is paler above, with two very broad black stripes on either side of the median light line (I–III) or with six dark stripes that converge at the apex of the scutellum (IV –V) (Fig. 78, 3); less often, the thorax is light, except for blurred dark stripes (II–V). Graphosoma
    

    

Tarisini Stal, 1872

Tarisa Amyot & Serville, 1843

Tarisa pallescens Jakovlev, 1871

Tarisa fraudatrix Horvath, 1891

= Tarisa subspinosa var. fraudatrix Horvath, 1891

Trigonosomini Stal, 1872

Trigonosoma Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Table for determining the species of the genus Trigonosoma

1. The abdomen is covered with light long bristles along the edge. Lives on Alyssum. T. philalyssum
   

   Margin of abdomen without light long bristles. Lives on other plants. 2
   

2. The abdomen is grayish-green. Lives on halophytes. T. halophilum
   

   The abdomen is greenish-bluish. Lives on Nigella. T. trigonum
   

Trigonosoma trigonum (Krynicki, 1871)

= Scutellera trigona Krynicki, 1871

Trigonosoma halophilum Jakovlev, 1874

Trigonosoma philalyssum Kiritshenko, 1916

Leprosoma Baerensprung, 1859

Leprosoma inconspicuum Baerensprung, 1859

Crypsinus Dohrn, 1860

Crypsinus angustatus (Baerensprung, 1859)

= Eusarcoris angustatus Baerensprung, 1859

Vilpianus Stal, 1860

Vilpianus galii (Wolff, 1802)

= Cimex galii Wolff, 1802

Ancyrosomini

Ancyrosoma Amyot & Serville, 1843

Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gemlin, 1789)

= Cimex albolineatus Fabricius, 1781
= Cimex leucogrammes Gmelin, 1789

Sternodontus Mulsant & Rey, 1856

Sternodontus obtusus Mulsant & Rey, 1856

= Sternodontus obtusus var. debilicostis Puton, 1884

Tholagmus Stal, 1860

Tholagmus flavolineatus (Fabricius, 1798)

= Cimex flavolineatus Fabricius, 1789

Graphosomini Stal, 1872

Graphosoma Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Striped shield bugs

Table for determining the species of the genus Graphosoma

1. The head is wide; the jugae cover the apex of the tylus very little (IV) or almost completely (V), always leaving a narrow gap. The spiracles are wide and dark. G. lineolatum
   

   The head is narrower and longer; the jugae cover the apex of the tylus almost halfway (IV) or completely (V) anteriorly, leaving no gap. The spiracles are narrower and lighter. G. semipunctatum
   

Graphosoma lineolatum (Linné, 1758)

European striped shield bug

= Cimex lineatus Linné, 1758

Graphosoma lineolatum f. italicum (Müller, 1766)

= Cimex italicus Müller, 1766)

Graphosoma semipunctatum (Fabricius, 1775)

North African and Sicilian striped shield bug

= Cimex semipunctatum Fabricius, 1775

Derula Mulsant & Rey, 1856

Derula flavoguttata Mulsant & Rey, 1856

Podopini Stal, 1872

Podops Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Table for determining the species of the genus Podops

1. The body is thinly and sparsely punctuated. Tylus longer than the jugae and uncovered open in front (I–V). P. inuncta
   

   The body with dense (especially on the abdomen), black punctuation. Tylus shorter than the jugae (III–V) and is largely (IV) or almost completely (V) covered in front. P. incerta
   

Podops inuncta (Fabricius, 1775)

European turtle-bug

= Cimex inuncta Fabricius, 1775

Podops incerta Horvath, 1883

Pentatominae Stal, 1864

Table for determining the genera of the subfamily Pentatominae

1. The head is wide, rounded in front, the jugae and lateral edges of the pronotum are plate-like, very wide. The body is bare, of a regular oval shape, evenly and slightly convex above in the thorax and abdomen (side view), and if it is more convex in the abdomen, it is solid gray (Sciocorini). 2
   

   The head is of a different shape, and the jugae are not wide and not flattened (except for Holcostethus). The body is often ovoid and strongly convex in the abdominal area, but then it is not gray, and if it is of a regular oval shape, it is strongly convex (Neottiglossa, Rubiconia) or hairy (Staria). 4
   

2. The edges of the head and pronotum are covered with bristles (II–V). Menaccarus
   

   The edges of the head and pronotum are without bristles. 3
   

3. The body is of regular oval shape, slightly convex and non-monochromatic gray. Sciocoris
   

   The body is ovoid, strongly convex in the abdominal area (II–IV) or broadly oval (V), gray with thick black punctuation (II–V). Dyroderes
   

4. The head is strongly arched forward. The jugae are long, pointed at the top and, although even in stage II they are longer than the tylus, they leave its top open from the front even in stage V, not covering it from the sides (Fig. 104, 2). Black stripes on tergites I and II are clear, equal in width to the first ESES (II–III). Only on Poaceae (Aeliini and Rubiconia). 5
   

   

   The head is moderately inclined or almost horizontal in front. The jugae are moderately elongated, blunted at the top, not beyond the tylus, if they are longer (older stages), they strongly cover its top from the sides, sometimes covering it from the front as well. On tergites I and II there are no black stripes, or they are very narrow and thin. 7
   

5. The body is strongly elongated, with longitudinal dark stripes passing from the thorax to the abdomen (Fig. 99, 2). The outer edges of the jugae near the middle are not curved or slightly angularly curved, and the head has the appearance of an elongated triangle. Aelia
   

   

   The body is moderately elongated or broadly oval, without dark longitudinal stripes on the abdomen. The outer edges of the jugae near the middle are sharply curved, forming an obtuse angle; the head has the outline of a pentagon (Fig. 104, 2). 6
   

6. The width of the dark spots located below on abdominal sternites VI–VIII is no more than twice their length (III–V). Light oblong spots in the main corners of the shield are almost parallel to the middle line of the body or the thorax is almost completely light from above (III–V). The body is elongated oval, smaller. Neottiglossa
   

   The width of dark spots on abdominal sternites VI–VIII is more than twice (on sternite VI three times) their length (III–V). Light elongated spots in the main corners of the shield are directed at an angle of 45° to the midline of the body (IV–V). The body is wide oval, large. Rubiconia
   

7. The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is only slightly narrower than the width of the ESES (I–V) (Fig. 124). The dark spot behind the third ESES is completely shifted to tergite VII, small, blurred or completely absent (II–V). The edges of the head and thorax are not bordered by a rounded ridge (I–V). 8
   

   

   The distance between the ostioles on the first ESES is two to three times smaller than the width of the ESES (I–V) (Figs. 68, 69). The dark spot behind the third ESES is large, sharply defined, located on tergites VI and VII (II-V). The edges of the head and thorax are bordered by a thick rounded ridge (II–V) (Eurydemini). 23
   

   

8. The body is ovoid (I–IV) or oval (IV–V) with slightly flattened lateral edges of the pronotum. Abdomen distinctly with protruding hairs that are longer (I), slightly shorter (II), or significantly shorter (III) than the thickness of the second segment of antennae, or bare (IV–V). The first ESES looks like an elongated figure eight, often interrupted in the middle, and the second usually occupies no more than ⅓–⅙ of the width of the abdomen. Larvae of small species (Stolliini). 9
   

   The body is almost round (I–II) or broadly oval (III–V), less often ovoid, but then the lateral edges of the pronotum are strongly flattened (II–III). The abdomen is bare or covered with long hairs. The first ESES has the form of a transverse strip, continuous or blurred, but not interrupted in the middle, and the second usually occupies up to ⅓–⅕ of the width of the abdomen. Mostly larvae of large species (Pentatomini). 10
   

9. The spots on the VI–VIII sternites in the middle of the lower surface of the abdomen are almost square in shape, and the largest is located on the VII sternite (II–V) (Fig. 105, 3). Abdomen without black depressed punctuation, and if it is present (IV–V stages of S. amoenus), it is small, with a large admixture of dots of a different color that are not depressed in the integument. Stagonomus
   

   

   The width of the spots placed in the middle (VI–VII) of the sternites on the lower abdomen is more than twice as long as the length. The largest spot is located on the sixth sternite (II–V) (Fig. 108), and if they are not so wide (S. venustissima), then the ESESs are completely black (II–V). The abdomen is punctuated less (II–III) or more (IV–V) with large and densely placed black depressed points, without an admixture of points of a different color not depressed in the abdominal cover. Stollia
   

   

10. Abdomen without black spots placed on the sides in longitudinal rows. 11
    

    Rows of rounded spots run along the abdomen, dorsally one row on each side and ventrally two on each side (II–V). The abdomen is pinkish or crimson, completely unpunctuated, with long hairs (II–V) on the bottom and on the edge. Codophila
    

11. The body is covered with hairs on top. 12
    

    The body is completely bare from above (only in the younger stages, short hairs sometimes stick out on the head and the edges of the pronotum). 15
    

12. The hairs on the body are long and very densely placed. Dark spots and stripes on the body are not sharply outlined, but blurred. 13
    

    The hairs on the body are short, if longer then sparsely placed. Dark spots and stripes on the body are sharply defined, often almost not blurred even in older stages. 14
    

13. The spots on the abdominal margin are very large, the width of the spot on tergite IV almost equals the distance from its inner edge to the second ESES. The body is very convex, the hairs are long. Small larvae. Staria
    

    The spots on the abdominal margin are smaller, extending beyond the borders of the paratergites, the width of the spot on tergite IV is two to four times smaller than the distance from its inner edge to the second ESES. The body is moderately convex, the hairs are short. Larvae of larger species. Dolycoris
    

14. The hairs on the body are shorter than the thickness of the segments of the antennae. The head is almost semicircular from the front (II–V), the jugae are wide, flattened, almost (IV) or completely (V) cover the top of the tylus, only in H. sphacelatus does it remain uncovered. Holcostethus
    

    The hairs on the body are much longer than the thickness of the segments of the antennae. The head is trapezoidal from the front, the jugae are not longer than the tylus (II–V). Antheminia
    

15. Abdomen above without large whitish or yellowish rounded spots placed in longitudinal rows. 16
    

    Abdomen from above with large rounded whitish or yellowish spots arranged in four longitudinal rows along the inner edges of the abdominal rim and on both sides of the midline of the body (Fig. 123). Nezara
    

    

16. There are no black spots on the sides of the abdomen, at the level of the gaps between the ESESs. 17
    

    On the sides of the abdomen, at the level of the gaps between the first and second and the second and third ESESs, black spots (V) stand out sharply. The body is green. Acrosternum
    

17. On coniferous trees and shrubs. The abdomen is black with two light spots on the sides (I–II) or off-white, greenish or dark purple, dotted with unimpressed, vague crimson or blackish spots (III–V). There are no black spots on the abdominal margin below in the rear corners of the segments. Pitedia
    

    Not found on conifers. Abdomen of a different color, and if green, then with sharp spots from below in the rear corners of the segments or with clear black depressed punctuation. 18
    

18. The abdomen is green, without crimson stripes at the joints of the segments (I–V), but with large black spots below, in the rear corners of the segments. 19
    

    The abdomen is of a different color (I–V), and if it is greenish, then with crimson stripes at the joints of the tergites and without black spots near the rear corners of the segments of the abdominal rim (II–V) (Fig. 124, 2). 20
    

19. The abdomen has thin black puncutation (I–V). The outer edge of the abdominal rim is clearly uneven (Fig. 122, 5), below with a large black spot near the anterior and posterior corners of the segments (III–V). Palomena
    

    

    The abdomen has colorless punctuation, with a fairly even outer edge of the abdominal rim (I–V), below with a whitish black spot near the rear corners of the segments (II–V). Brachynema
    

20. Abdomen above with a bright curved red transverse band (I–IV) or four black or brown broken stripes along the upper surface of the thorax (IV–V). All dark areas of the body in the older stages have a strong metallic sheen (bronze, blue, green), and the black dotted points on the abdomen are placed only in clusters. Carpocoris
    

    Abdomen without a red transverse stripe (I–V), thorax from above without longitudinal dark stripes, and if they are present, they are not broken and without a metallic sheen (II–V); the abdomen is rather uniformly punctuated (II–V). 21
    

21. Abdomen crimson (I–II) or dirty green with crimson stripes between the tergites, without black spots near the corners of the segments (different from Palomena) (II–V). Longitudinal stripes on the head and thorax are wide, black-brown (III–V) (Fig. 124, 2). Punctuation of the body is uniform and finer than in the following species. Piezodorus
    

    Abdomen is gray, dirty gray (with a pink tinge in stages I–II) or brown. There are no longitudinal stripes on the head and thorax. The punctuation of the body is very large and thick, in some places the dots merge into small spots. 22
    

22. Antennae are brown or black with whitish joints, and in the older stages, with whitish bases of the third and fourth (often also the second) joints. Larvae occur from June (hatching) to August (ewetting). Rhaphigaster
    

    Antennae are brown or black in all stages, with reddish joints in younger ones. Larvae occur from August to September (rebirth) to July (ewetting); hibernate in stages II–III. Pentatoma
    

23. The distance between the holes on all ESESs is almost the same (I–V) (Fig. 69). The first evaporation platform is sickle-shaped (II–V). Eurydema
    

    

    The distance between the holes on the second and third ESESs is several times smaller than on the first ESES (I–V) (Fig. 68). The first ESES is not sickle-shaped. Bagrada
    

Sciocorini Stal, 1872

Menaccarus Amyot & Serville, 1843

Menaccarus arenicola (Scholtz, 1846)

= Sciocoris arenicola Scholtz, 1846

Sciocoris Fallén, 1829

Table for determining the species of the genus Sciocoris

1. Body with a distinct black pattern on a white background (II–IV) or at least with remnants of it on the head and thorax (IV–V). ESESs are sharply outlined in all stages and always without light spots near the ostioles of the second and ESESs. 2
   

   The head and thorax are black (II–III), less often light brownish with a dark pattern (stages II–III of S. distinctus) or the whole body is dull (brown, brownish-red, dirty gray, etc.) with blurred dark spots and stripes (IV–V) . ESESs in older stages are blurred, always with light elevations near the ostioles of the second and third ESESs. 3
   

2. Body with thinly scattered punctuation. The dark pattern is clearly expressed in all stages. The abdominal margin is bordered by a wide light band separating the paratergite and parasternite spots. S. macrocephalus
   

   Body with large and dense punctuation. The dark pattern in older stages is strongly blurred. The abdominal margin is bordered by a very narrow light stripe. S. homalonotus
   

3. There is a dark spot in the top corners of the shield, and four dark longitudinal stripes run along the thorax (stages IV–V; stages I–III are unknown). S. sulcatus
   

   The top corners of the shield are without dark spots, and the dark longitudinal stripes on the thorax are indistinct. 4
   

4. The lateral edges of the pronotum are black (I–III), and if more or less light, then not lighter than its disc (IV–V). Dark spots located on the upper and lower sides of the abdominal margin merge at its edge; the spots in the middle of the abdomen below are solid. The body is finely punctuated or the head is very broad. Not related to Poaceae. 5
   

   The lateral edges of the pronotum are light, always lighter than the disc (II–V). The dark spots do not merge along the edge of the abdominal margin, but are separated by a light stripe (I–V); the spots in the middle of the abdomen are separated from below by a longitudinal light stripe (IV–V). The body is coarsely punctuated, and the width of the head is not greater than the length. Closely related to Poaceae. S. distinctus
   

5. The body in all stages is matte, not as wide and large as in the next species, and punctuated with small dots. The eyes are half set into the head, and the width of the head is slightly greater than the length (III–V). Widespread everywhere. S. cursitans
   

   The body is strongly (I–II) or moderately (IV–V) shiny, wider and larger, puntuated with large dots. The eyes are set into the head by at least ⅔ (III–IV) or almost do not protrude beyond the edges of the jugae (V); head width much larger than length (II–V). Found only in the south. S. deltocephalus
   

Sciocoris deltocephalus Fieber, 1861

Sciocoris cursitans (Fabricius, 1794)

Sand-runner shieldbug

= Naucoris cursitans Fabricius, 1794

Sciocoris macrocephalus Fieber, 1851

Sciocoris sulcatus Fieber, 1851

Sciocoris homalonotus Fieber, 1851

Sciocoris distinctus Fieber, 1851

Dyroderes Spinola, 1837

Dyroderes umbraculatus (Fabricius, 1775)

= Acanthia umbraculata Fabricius, 1775

Aeliini Stal, 1872

Aelia Fabricius, 1803

Table for determining the species of the genus Aelia

1. The whole body is densely covered with short light hairs sticking out from brown or black dots. A. acuminata
   

   The thorax and abdomen are bare or covered with long scattered hairs. 2
   

2. The head and thorax without hairs or with only very short hairs (shorter than the thickness of the antennae) on the top of the head. 3
   

   At least the entire surface of the head is covered with long hairs (twice as long as the thickness of the joint of the antennae). Dark stripes and spots on the body are wide, sharply defined. A. virgata
   

3. Head and thorax with sharply defined black longitudinal stripes. The head is shorter; the outer edges of the jugae are bent inward in the form of an obtuse angle. The tops of the jugae, bending towards each other, slightly cover the top of the tylus. 4
   

   Longitudinal stripes on all parts of the body are not clearly defined, often they are very blurred. The head is much longer; the outer edges of the jugae are slightly curved near the middle (II–III) or straight (IV–V). The upper parts of the jugae are almost parallel; tylus wide open in front (I–V). A. rostrata
   

4. The ESESs are sharply delineated, black. Usually, the abdomen is evenly, sparsely punctuated, without dark longitudinal stripes. A forest species, more common in the west of the Ukrainian SSR. Smaller in size. A. klugi
   

   The ESESs are not so sharply defined, blurred. Abdomen with four to six blurred dark longitudinal stripes, covered with black dots, and in the spaces between them light punctuation. A steppe species, more common in the east of the Ukrainian SSR. Larger in size. A. sibirica
   

Aelia acuminata (Linné, 1758)

Bishop's mitre shield bug

= Cimex acuminatus Linné, 1758

Aelia klugi Hahn, 1831

Aelia sibirica Reuter, 1886

Aelia rostrata Boheman, 1852

Aelia virgata Klug in Herrich-Schäffer, 1841

Neottiglossa Kirby, 1837

Table for determining the species of the genus Neottiglossa

1. The abdomen is red (I–III), and if whitish, then with a reddish tint between the ESESs (III–V). The head and thorax are black (I–III) or the thorax with three more or less narrow longitudinal whitish stripes (IV–V). Dots on the thorax are larger than on the abdomen (II–V). N. leporina
   

   The abdomen is yellow (I–II), and if whitish, then with an ocher tint between the ESESs (III–V). The head and thorax are black (I–III) or almost completely light brown (III–V). Dots on the abdomen are as large as on the thorax (II–V). N. pusilla
   

Neottiglossa leporina (Herrich-Schäffer, 1830)

= Pentatoma leporina Herrich-Schäffer, 1830

Neottiglossa pusilla (Gmelin, 1789)

Small grass shieldbug

= Cimex pusillus Gmelin, 1789
= Neottiglossa seorsa Jakovlev, 1903

Stolliini

= Eysarcoraria Stal, 1872

Stagonomus Gorski, 1852

Table for determining the species of the genus Stagonomus

1. The body is not elongated; antennae and legs dark brown or brown (I–V). The lateral edges of the thorax are dark, not lighter than the disc (II–V); pronotum often bright in front (II–IV). Abdomen without black stippling (I–V). S. pusillus
   

   The body is elongated; antennae and legs are black (I–IV) or almost brown with black bands on the thighs (IV–V). The lateral edges of the thorax are always lighter than the disc (II–V), and the pronotum is not lighter anteriorly than posteriorly (II–V). The abdomen is punctuated with black dots (IV–V). S. amoenus
   

Stagonomus pusillus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1830)

= Cimex pusillus Herrich-Schäffer, 1830

Stagonomus amoenus (Brulle, 1832)

= Pentatoma amoena Brulle, 1832
= Cimex bipunctatus Fabricius, 1781
= Cimex italicus Gmelin, 1789

Stollia Ellenr., 1862

Table for determining the species of the genus Stollia

1. The largest sternite spot is located on sternite VI, its width is more than twice the length (II–V). 2
   

   The largest sternite spot is located on sternite VII, its width is less than twice the length (II–V). The abdomen is sparsely punctuated with small black dots and has yellowish stripes between the tergites. S. venustissima
   

2. The body is green. Abdomen with rather fine black punctuation, without red stripes between tergites (II–V). S. inconspicua
   

   The body is not green. Abdomen is densely punctuated with large black dots and red stripes between the tergites (II–V). S. aenea
   

Stollia aenea (Scopoli, 1763)

New forest shieldbug

= Cimex aeneus Scopoli, 1763

Stollia venustissima (Schranck, 1776)

Woundwort shield bug

= Cimex melanocephalus Fabricius, 1775
= Cimex venustissimus Schranck, 1776
= Eusarcoris fabricii Kirkaldy, 1904

Stollia inconspicua (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844)

White-spotted stink bug

= Pentatoma inconspicuum Herrich-Schäffer, 1844

Pentatomini Stal, 1872

Staria Dohrn, 1860

Staria lunata (Hahn, 1835)

= Eysarcoris lunatus Hahn, 1835

Rubiconia Dohrn, 1860

Rubiconia intermedia (Wolff, 1811)

= Cydnus intermedius Wolff, 1811

Palomena Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Table for determining the species of the genus Palomena

1. The larvae of Palomena prasina and Palomena viridissima differ only in the older stages by imaginal features.
   

Palomena prasina (Linné, 1761)

= Cimex prasinus Linné, 1761

Palomena viridissima (Poda, 1761)

= Cimex viridissima Poda, 1761

Pitedia Reuter, 1888

Table for determining the species of the genus Pitedia

1. The proboscis extends beyond the middle of the abdomen (II–V). The abdomen is bluish- or greenish-white above and below (III–V). P. pinicola
   

   The proboscis extends slightly only behind the coxae of the hind legs (II–V). The abdomen is dark purple above and bright green below (III–V). P. juniperina
   

Pitedia pinicola (Mulsant, 1852)

= Pentatoma pinicola Mulsant, 1852

Pitedia juniperina (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex juniperinus Linné, 1758

Holcostethus Fieber, 1860

Table for determining the species of the genus Holcostethus

1. The tylus is covered or almost covered in front by the jugae (IV–V). 2
   

   The tylus is wide open in front. H. sphacelatus
   

2. The fourth segment of the antennae is light (III–V). H. inclusus
   

   The fourth segment of the antennae is dark brown (III–V). H. vernalis
   

Holcostethus vernalis (Wolff, 1804)

= Cimex vernalis Wolff, 1804

Holcostethus inclusus (Dohrn, 1860)

= Pentatoma inclusus Dohrn, 1860

Holcostethus sphacelatus (Fabricius, 1794)

= Cimex sphacelatus Fabricius, 1794

Carpocoris Kol., 1846

Carpocoris Kolenati, 1846

Table for determining the species of the genus Carpocoris

1. The mesonotum is equal in width to the pronotum (IV) or is much narrower than it (V). The head usually has two longitudinal light stripes. C. fuscispinus
   

   The mesonotum is wider than the pronotum (IV) or equal to it in width (V). The head is completely dark. C. pudicus
   

Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman, 1894)

Northern fruit bug

= Cimex nigricornis Wolff, 1804
= Cimex fuscispinus Boheman, 1894

Carpocoris pudicus (Poda, 1761)

= Cimex pudicus Poda, 1761
= Cimex purpureipennis De Geer, 1773

Carpocoris melanocerus Mulsant, 1852

Antheminia Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Carpocoris lunulatus (Goeze, 1778)

= Cimex lunulatus Goeze, 1778
= Mormidea lynx Fieber, 1861

Codophila Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Codophila varia (Fabricius, 1787)

= Cimex varius Fabricius, 1787

Dolycoris Mulsant & Rey, 1866

Table for determining the species of the genus Dolycoris

1. The flattened lateral edges of the pronotum and hemelytra are punctuated with dark dots. Tylus not shorter than the jugae. The second segment of the antennae is not reddish. D. baccarum
   

   The flattened lateral edges of the pronotum and hemelytra are punctuated with colorless dots. Tylus is clearly shorter than the jugae. The second segment of the antennae is often reddish. D. varicornis
   

Dolycoris baccarum (Linné, 1758)

Sloe bug

= Cimex baccarum Linné, 1758

Dolycoris varicornis (Jakovlev, 1874)

= Mormidea varicornis Jakovlev, 1874

Nezara Amyot & Serville, 1843

Nezara viridula (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex viridulus Linné, 1758

Acrosternum Fieber, 1860

Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861

Piezodorus Fieber, 1860

Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricius, 1794)

= Cimex lituratus Fabricius, 1794

Rhaphigaster Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761)

= Cimex nebulosus Poda, 1761

Pentatoma Oliv., 1789

Pentatoma rufipes (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex rufipes Linné, 1758

Brachynema Mulsant & Rey, 1852

Brachynema virens (Klug.)

Eurydemini Dist., 1902

= Strachiaria Stal, 1872

Eurydema Laporte de Castelnau, 1832

Cabbage bugs, caper bugs and allies

= Strachia Hahn, 1831

Table for determining the species of the genus Eurydema

1. The abdomen is bright red. 2
   

   The abdomen is ocher, yellowish or whitish.
   

2. Dark-colored areas of the body without a metallic sheen or the sheen is very weak. On the coast of the Sivash, Azov and Black seas. E. spectabilis
   

   Dark areas of the body with a metallic sheen. Far from the shores of the seas, on rocky slopes. E. fieberi
   

Eurydema spectabilis Horvath, 1882

Spectacular cabbage bug

Eurydema fieberi Schummel, 1836

Eurydema ornata Linné

= Eurydema ornatum var. ventrale Kolenati, 1846

Eurydema festiva (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex festivus Linné, 1767

Eurydema dominulus (Scopoli, 1763)

= Cimex dominulus Scopoli, 1763

Eurydema oleracea (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex oleraceus Linné, 1758

Bagrada Stal, 1872

Bagrada stolata Horvath, 1936

Asopinae Spinola, 1850

Predatory stink bugs

Table for determining the genera of the subfamily Asopinae

1. Front femurs in the apical half with a tooth (IV–V) or a tubercle in the form of a hump (III), but even in the latter case it is larger than the humps on the middle and hind femurs. 2
   

   Front femurs without a tooth, and if with tubercles, they are not larger than tubercles on middle and hind tibiae (III–V). 4
   

2. The black transverse stripe on tergite II is wide, almost as wide as the first ESES, and the width of the paratergite spots is much greater than the length (II–V). Tibiae with wide light rings that stand out sharply against a dark background (IV–V). 3
   

   There is no black stripe on tergite II or it is very narrow; paratergite spots of regular semi-oval shape, equal in length and width (II–V). Tibiae are black. Jalla
   

3. The abdomen is light (I–V), yellow or (on the sides) grayish. Antennae are dark. Head and thorax with scattered punctuation. The outer edge of the jugae is concave, and the tylus is narrowed at the apex (IV–V). Pinthaeus
   

   The abdomen is dark (I–V), crimson (I–IV) or brown (V). Antennae are dark (I–III) or light, yellowish, only the tops of the last two segments are black (IV–V). Head and thorax with dense punctuation. The outer edge of the jugae is straight, and the tylus is not narrowed at the apex (IV–V). Picromerus
   

4. The abdomen is not completely crimson (I–V), the lateral edge of the pronotum is usually serrated (III–V). 5
   

   The abdomen is crimson in all stages. The chest is black with a bluish metallic sheen. The lateral edges of the front back are not serrated, only slightly wavy. Zicrona
   

5. The abdomen is light yellow (I–V) with three wide longitudinal red stripes (in the middle and on the sides), which connect at the apex of the abdomen (I–III); if these stripes are blurred, then the head and thorax are almost completely yellowish, except for a few dark spots (IV–V). Arma
   

   The abdomen is darker, from reddish-yellow to reddish-brown, without red longitudinal stripes (I–V). The head and thorax are completely black, only the lateral edges of the pronotum and hemelytrae are light. 6
   

6. The lateral edges of the pronotum in front of the posterior corners are light throughout their entire width and serrated along the very edge (III–V); in older stages, the teeth are saw-shaped, bent back (Fig. 132). The proboscis goes behind the coxae of the hind legs or reaches them. ESESs in stage IV–V with incision on the sides (Fig. 132). Abdomen unpunctuated or with very gentle and fine punctuation. Troilus
   

   

   The lateral edges of the pronotum are almost smooth, dark (as is the disc), bordered by a light yellowish or reddish narrow stripe only in stage V and barely jagged along the very edge. The proboscis slightly extends beyond the coxae of the middle legs (II–III) or only reaches (IV–V) them. ESESs without cutouts on the sides (I–V). Abdomen with rather dense and large black punctuation (IV–V). Eysarcoris
   

Pinthaeus Stal, 1867

Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1787)

= Cimex sanguinipes Fabricius, 1787

Picromerus Amyot & Serville, 1843

Picromerus bidens (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex bidens Linné, 1758

Troilus Stal, 1867

Troilus luridus (Fabricius, 1775)

= Cimex luridus Fabricius, 1775

Arma Hahn, 1832

Arma custos (Fabricius, 1794)

= Cimex custos Fabricius, 1794

Eysarcoris Hahn, 1831

Eysarcoris punctatus (Linné, 1785)

= Cimex punctatus Linné, 1785

Jalla Hahn, 1832

Jalla dumosa (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex dumosum Linné, 1758

Zicrona Amyot & Serville, 1843

Zicrona coerulea (Linné, 1758)

= Cimex coeruleus Linné, 1758